"Prodávání drog" v Praze a Frankfurtu: zkoumání možností sekundárního, kvalitativního, mezinárodního a mezi-jazykového výzkumu

(česky) Tato magisterská práce má dva cíle. Prvním z nich je diskutovat srovnávací přístup k analýze, (znovu)užití kvalitativních dat a jejich kombinaci. Na tyto přístupy se zaměřuji, protože ty se v posledních letech staly podstatnou součástí metodologického diskurzu společenských věd. Druhým cílem této práce je uvést příklad srovnávacího přístupu k (znovu)užití kvalitativních dat, který by měl stimulovat rozvoj těchto přístupů, protože příklady (znovu)užívání dat nejsou časté. Využití těchto přístupů je demonstrováno na analýze srovnávající produkci členských kategorií "drogovými dealery" v Praze a ve Frankfurtu. Analýza odhalila podobnosti i rozdíly. Podobnost užití kategorií a jejich predikátů je založena v podobnosti konverzační situace (výzkumné interview) a v podobnosti sociální pozice respondentů (relativně vzdělaní, netrestaní). Mimo uvedeného podobné použití členských kategorií naznačuje to, že v obou případech je omnirelevantni kategorie drogový dealer relevantní a že je jí přisuzován podobný význam. Když respondenti používají kategorie, tak kategorizují určité prvky společenského života jako za hranicemi nebo jako neakceptovatelné (např. nemít práci, mít určitý typ výdělku). Tímto použitím členských kategorií se pokoušejí o udržení své identity jako právoplatných členů společnosti....This master thesis has two major purposes. First purpose of this master thesis is to discuss qualitative and comparative approach to analysis, qualitative data (re)use, and their combination because, in recent years, these approaches have become increasingly important in the discourse of social sciences being related to the contemporary methodological discussions. The other purpose of this master thesis is to introduce the example of comparative (re)use of qualitative data because data (re)use is rather low and the example of this approach will contribute to its development. I discuss the application of this combination on the example of the membership categorization analysis that was focused on the comparison of member categories use by "drug dealers" in Prague and Frankfurt. The analysis revealed similarities as well as differences in the local production of member categories. The similar use of member categories and their predicates is based in the similar occasion (research interview) and in the similar social situation of interviewees (educated, not penalized). Furthermore, the similar use of categories suggests that, in both cases, the omnirelevant member category of drug dealer is relevant and have similar meanings. In order to sustain their identity as a legitimate members of society, interviewees...Department of SociologyKatedra sociologieFilozofická fakultaFaculty of Art

Theoretical and Methodological Issues in the Evidence Production in the Addictology.

Východiska: Indikátory, a to především ty administrativní, jsou hodnoceny v oblasti návykových látek jako nedokonalé, přibližné a spojené s řadou problémů. Tyto problémy mimo jiné vycházejí z toho, že administrativní indikátory nejsou primárně produkovány jako výzkumné indikátory. Přitom tyto indikátory tvoří důležitou součást tvorby veřejných politik, jelikož jsou součástí strategických dokumentů, a mohou sloužit k hodnocení situace a politik v oblasti návykových látek a pro realizaci konkrétních opatření veřejných politik. Cíle: Prvním cílem této disertační práce bylo určení problémů a limitů, které se objevují v oblasti administrativních indikátorů. Druhým cílem práce bylo navrhnout možnosti rozvoje v oblastech, které byly na základě analýzy určeny jako problémové, a to zejména teoretického a metodologického rámce. Třetím cílem této práce byla aplikace konkrétních a vybraných postupů navrhnutých v rámci druhého cíle práce. Aplikovány byly přístupy zaměřené na analýzu lokální situace a kontextu, časových řad a geografických dat. Metody: První cíl práce jsem naplnil za použití narativního přehledu literatury, na základě kterého jsem vymezil základní problémy a limity spojené s využitím administrativních indikátorů. Na to jsem dále navázal rozpracováním možnosti rozvoje v oblasti teorie a...Background: Indicators, primarily administrative indicators, the field of addiction studies are considered imperfect, approximate and associated with a number of issues. Among others, these issues are based in the fact that administrative indicators are not primarily research indicators. In spite of their shortcomings, these indicators are an important part of public policy making, as they are part of strategic documents and can be used to assess the situation and develop policies in the field of addictive substances. Objectives: The first objective of this thesis was to identify issues related to the administrative indicators. The second objective was to propose the directions for development in areas that had been identified as problematic, i.e., the theoretical and methodological framework. The third objective was to apply selected procedures that had been proposed in the previous parts of the thesis. Methods: To meet the first objective, the basic issues associated with the use of administrative indicators were identified using a narrative review of the literature. The directions for the development of the theoretical and methodological framework were elaborated, responding to the issues identified in the review. The third objective was achieved by application of the approaches described in the...Department of Addictology First Faculty of Medicine and General University HospitalKlinika adiktologie 1. LF UK a VFN1. lékařská fakultaFirst Faculty of Medicin

Health literacy, self-perceived health, and substance use behavior among young people with alcohol and substance use disorders

Licit and illicit substance use is one of the major public health issues with severe negative health consequences for individuals and society. Health literacy is essential for improving one’s health and navigation in the healthcare system. However, the evidence of health literacy in people with substance use disorders is limited. This study aims to examine health literacy and its socio-demographic, health-related, and substance use-related correlates in young people with alcohol (AUD) and substance use disorders (SUD). In this study, cross-sectional data of young people undergoing addiction treatment for AUD (N = 201, mean age 37.6) and SUD (N = 165, mean age 31.1) were used. Health literacy was assessed using the HLS-EU-Q47. Simple and multiple linear regression was performed to estimate the correlates of health literacy. In total, 37.8% of participants with AUD and 41.8% of SUD had limited health literacy. In participants with AUD, living condition factors, self-perceived health indicators, and frequency of alcohol use showed a significant effect on health literacy. In participants with SUD, financial factors, self-perceived health indicators, and injection sharing showed a significant effect. Increasing health literacy might contribute to improved health outcomes and decreased high-risk substance use-related behavior in people undergoing addiction treatment. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Charles University, project GA UK [8119]; Specific Academic Research Projects Competition (SVV) [260500, Q06/LF1]; Internal Grant Scheme of the Tomas Bata University in Zlin [RO/2020/05]Univerzita Karlova v Praze, UK: 260500, 8119, Q06/LF1; Univerzita Tomáše Bati ve Zlín

"Drug handling" in Prague and Frankfurt: questioning the horizons of secondary, qualitative, inter-national and inter-lingual research

This master thesis has two major purposes. First purpose of this master thesis is to discuss qualitative and comparative approach to analysis, qualitative data (re)use, and their combination because, in recent years, these approaches have become increasingly important in the discourse of social sciences being related to the contemporary methodological discussions. The other purpose of this master thesis is to introduce the example of comparative (re)use of qualitative data because data (re)use is rather low and the example of this approach will contribute to its development. I discuss the application of this combination on the example of the membership categorization analysis that was focused on the comparison of member categories use by "drug dealers" in Prague and Frankfurt. The analysis revealed similarities as well as differences in the local production of member categories. The similar use of member categories and their predicates is based in the similar occasion (research interview) and in the similar social situation of interviewees (educated, not penalized). Furthermore, the similar use of categories suggests that, in both cases, the omnirelevant member category of drug dealer is relevant and have similar meanings. In order to sustain their identity as a legitimate members of society, interviewees..

Theoretical and Methodological Issues in the Evidence Production in the Addictology.

Background: Indicators, primarily administrative indicators, the field of addiction studies are considered imperfect, approximate and associated with a number of issues. Among others, these issues are based in the fact that administrative indicators are not primarily research indicators. In spite of their shortcomings, these indicators are an important part of public policy making, as they are part of strategic documents and can be used to assess the situation and develop policies in the field of addictive substances. Objectives: The first objective of this thesis was to identify issues related to the administrative indicators. The second objective was to propose the directions for development in areas that had been identified as problematic, i.e., the theoretical and methodological framework. The third objective was to apply selected procedures that had been proposed in the previous parts of the thesis. Methods: To meet the first objective, the basic issues associated with the use of administrative indicators were identified using a narrative review of the literature. The directions for the development of the theoretical and methodological framework were elaborated, responding to the issues identified in the review. The third objective was achieved by application of the approaches described in the..

Dealers and the drug distribution

The goal of this paper is to classify and explore type of drug dealers. They can be defined through their affiliation to bohemian youth culture, club culture and "middle class" membership, they typically have a college or university degree and they are under 30 years of age. Data have been gathered and analyzed according to qualitative metodology standards. The central category is so called "provar" (code in vivo), the notion describes the situation of comming out or revelation of the drug dealing participation to public. The situation has a signifiant effect on their carriers. Experience of the social control, may under certain circumstances cause a reconsideration of their activities. Dealers perceive "provar" especially as a personal security threat making them develop strategies for handling such situations, to prevent them from happening. These findings are set in broader context of society. Keywords: drug, dealer, distributio

Illicit drug use and exposure in disadvantaged neighborhoods in Czechia: policy representations and evidence

This study examines the lifetime prevalence of illicit drug use and illicit drug exposure in disadvantaged (“Roma”) and more affluent neighborhoods in Czechia. The results of a survey among populations of both types of neighborhoods suggest no statistically significant difference between the two in terms of the overall lifetime prevalence of illicit drug use; however, lifetime prevalence of methamphetamine use proved higher in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Further differences were identified in drug exposure, with the population of more affluent neighborhoods being more frequently exposed to illicit drugs than the population of disadvantaged neighborhoods. The predictors of drug use and drug exposure were partially different for both populations. In the disadvantaged population, drug use was revealed, among other predictors, to be associated with housing conditions

Illicit drug use and exposure in disadvantaged neighborhoods in Czechia: policy representations and evidence

This study examines the lifetime prevalence of illicit drug use and illicit drug exposure in disadvantaged (“Roma”) and more affluent neighborhoods in Czechia. The results of a survey among populations of both types of neighborhoods suggest no statistically significant difference between the two in terms of the overall lifetime prevalence of illicit drug use; however, lifetime prevalence of methamphetamine use proved higher in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Further differences were identified in drug exposure, with the population of more affluent neighborhoods being more frequently exposed to illicit drugs than the population of disadvantaged neighborhoods. The predictors of drug use and drug exposure were partially different for both populations. In the disadvantaged population, drug use was revealed, among other predictors, to be associated with housing conditions

The Proposals of Police Officers to Improve the Prosecution of Hate Crimes

Tato studie představuje 18 návrhů ke zlepšení postihování trestných činů z nenávisti, které byly identifikovány v kvalitativních rozhovorech se specializovanými policisty. Po přiblížení role policie v rámci postihování trestných činů z nenávisti je popsána metodologie výzkumu. Následně jsou představeny jednotlivé návrhy, které byly zařazeny do následujících kategorií: specializace a motivace, edukace, kooperace s dalšími aktéry, prevence, novelizace a praktická a procesní opatření. Prezentace návrhů je ilustrována citacemi z rozhovorů. Závěrem jsou tyto návrhy diskutovány s přihlédnutím k relevantním studiím.This study presents eighteen proposals to improve the prosecution of hate crimes which have been identified in qualitative interviews with specialized police officers. After describing the role of the police in the hate crime prosecution, the research methodology is outlined. The proposals are presented subsequently, using the structure of the following categories: specialization and motivation, education, cooperation with other actors, prevention, amendment of legislation, and practical and procedural measures. The presentation of the proposals is illustrated by quotes from the interviews. Finally, the proposals are discussed in the light of existing studies

The Proposals of Police Officers to Improve the Prosecution of Hate Crimes

Tato studie představuje 18 návrhů ke zlepšení postihování trestných činů z nenávisti, které byly identifikovány v kvalitativních rozhovorech se specializovanými policisty. Po přiblížení role policie v rámci postihování trestných činů z nenávisti je popsána metodologie výzkumu. Následně jsou představeny jednotlivé návrhy, které byly zařazeny do následujících kategorií: specializace a motivace, edukace, kooperace s dalšími aktéry, prevence, novelizace a praktická a procesní opatření. Prezentace návrhů je ilustrována citacemi z rozhovorů. Závěrem jsou tyto návrhy diskutovány s přihlédnutím k relevantním studiím.This study presents eighteen proposals to improve the prosecution of hate crimes which have been identified in qualitative interviews with specialized police officers. After describing the role of the police in the hate crime prosecution, the research methodology is outlined. The proposals are presented subsequently, using the structure of the following categories: specialization and motivation, education, cooperation with other actors, prevention, amendment of legislation, and practical and procedural measures. The presentation of the proposals is illustrated by quotes from the interviews. Finally, the proposals are discussed in the light of existing studies